Simon Effect What methods did we employ in this experiment

Simon Effect
What methods did we employ in this experiment?
On each trial, a red or green square was shown to the left or right of fixation. Your task was to press a key on the left side of the keyboard if the square was green and to press a key on the right side of the keyboard if the square was red.
The independent variable in this experiment was the location of the square (left or right). The dependent variable was the time (reaction time) between the appearance of the square and your keypress.
What do we predict participants will do? Why?
Although the task only requires you to attend to the color of the square, subjects almost invariably are influenced by the location of the square as well. When the location of the square and the location of the matching key press have the same relative position (e.g., a green square on the left side of the screen), the reaction time tends to be faster than when they have different relative positions (e.g., a red square on the left side of the screen). The difference between reaction times is the Simon Effect.
How robust is this effect? Are there limits to this effect?
The Simon Effect is generally quite small (tens of milliseconds). Nevertheless, it is found in many different situations. It might seem that such a small effect can hardly be important. However, there are many situations in which a person has to respond to a small flashing light. The Simon Effect can be repeated thousands of times a day and lead to more significant durations.
Also, there are some special situations in which even a few milliseconds can make a difference. Many emergency situations in aircraft, for example, are indicated by the sudden appearance of a light. A pilot must be able to respond quickly to such an indicator, and accounting for the Simon Effect can play an important role in the design of a cockpit.
Results for Denise Walker on October 18, 2019 12:28:45 AM CDT
Data summary for experiment Simon Effect.
Mean reaction times for the congruent and incongruent trials. The expected result is that RTs will be faster in the congruent conditions (green stimulus on the left side, the same side as the ‘green’ response key; red stimulus on the right side, the same side as the ‘red’ response key) than in the incongruent conditions (green on the right, red on the left).
Data summary
Condition Mean RT (ms)
Congruent 679.64
Incongruent 769.72
Trial-by-trial data
The second column indicates whether the trial involved a congruent or incongruent mapping between the position of the stimulus and the key you were to press for that stimulus’ color. The next two columns give detailed information about the position of the stimulus and its color. The last column gives the reaction time in milliseconds from the onset of the stimulus to the moment you made a response. Only trials in which you made a correct response are included. If you made a mistake on a trial it was repeated later in the experiment.
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