Psychology timed test

Review: Who Provides Treatment?

Clinical psychologists (Ph.D. and PSY.D.)

Counselling psychologists

Psychological associates (M.A.)

Psychiatrists

Clinical social workers

Psychiatric nurses

Counsellors

The Elements of the Treatment Process

Treatments: How Many Types are There?

3 Main Categories

Insight therapies

“Talk therapy”

Behaviour therapies

Changing overt behaviour

Biomedical therapies

Biological functioning interventions

Clients: Who Seeks Therapy?

Most common presenting problems

Anxiety and depression

Long delays until treatment is sought

Stigmatization

Insight Therapies: Client-Centred Therapy

Carl Rogers

Goal: restructure self-concept to better correspond to reality

Therapeutic climate

Genuineness

Unconditional positive regard

Empathy

Therapeutic Process

Clarification

Insight: Therapies Inspired By Positive Psychology

Well-being therapy

Self acceptance

Purpose in life

Autonomy

Personal growth

Positive psychotherapy

Insight Therapy: Groups, Couples, and Families

Group therapy

Participants’ roles

Advantages

Couples therapy and Family therapy

How effective are insight therapies?

How do insight therapies work?

(Not Insight)Behaviour Therapies

B.F. Skinner and colleagues

Goal: Unlearning maladaptive behaviours and learning adaptive ones

Systematic Desensitization – Joseph Wolpe

Classical conditioning

Anxiety hierarchy

Social skills training

Modelling

Behavioural rehearsal

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

Goal: to change the way clients think

Self-instructional training

Detect and recognize negative thoughts

Reality testing

Kinship with behaviour therapy

Aaron Beck

Cognitive therapy (change one’s thinking)

Albert Ellis

Rational-emotive therapy (deal with innate and learned self-defeating thoughts, shame, guilt).

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy (MBCT)

Zindel Segal

Increased awareness

Present moment

Self-compassion

Accepting things as they are

Effectiveness of Behaviour Therapies

Biomedical Therapies

Psychopharmacotherapy

Antianxiety – Valium, Xanax, Buspar

Antidepressant:

Tricyclics – Elavil, Tofranil

MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) – Nardil

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

Electroconvulsive Therapy

ADHD and ADD: Ritalin, Adderall for children and adults- Vyvanse, Concert newer.

Bipolar: Lithium

Biomedical Therapies

Evaluation of Drug Therapies

Superficial short-term effects

Over prescribed and over medicated

Side effects

Biomedical Therapies

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Deep Brain Stimulation

Current Trends and Issues in Treatment

Empirically validated treatments

Blending approaches to treatment (eclecticism)

Increasing Multicultural sensitivity

Culture, language, and institutional barriers

Deinstitutionalization

Revolving door problem

Homelessness

Overview of Relevant Drug Therapy

Depression, Bipolar related depression—SSRI’s = Brand names Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft. Problems with giving it to adolescence but suicide rate went up when prescriptions decreased.

Mood Stabilzers: Controls mood swings. Lithium, Valproate (doesn’t have side effects of lithium)

Overview of Drug Therapy

Anti-anxiety: Brands = Valium, Xanax. Tranquilizers and can linked to dependence. Floaty feeling, being zoned out so dosage crucial.

ADHD: Stimulants. Vivanyse = time-released to treat children 6-12 and adults. Other drugs are Ritlain and Adderall.

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